2.2.8 Interaction with the criminal justice system Te whai wāhitanga ki te pūnaha kōti. 526. Many survivors of State care, including some Lake Alice survivors, ended up in the youth and criminal justice systems – what is sometimes referred to

2.2.9 Stigma of Lake Alice and impact on mana Te taunutanga o Lake Alice me te pānga ki te mana. 529. Discriminatory attitudes towards those with learning, sensory, mental or physical impairments is a form of ableism. It gives rise to the stigma,

2.3.2 Wider system – towards institutionalisation Pūnaha whānui – ki te whakarautanga. 554. In this section, we consider how the wider social welfare and health system was shaped in the context of the ongoing impacts of colonisation; attitudes

2.3.3 Legal requirements for admission and treatment Ngā herenga ā-ture mō te whakauru me te rongoā. 589. Our analysis reveals that the Departments of Health and Social Welfare and staff at the unit did not have proper processes in place to

2.3.4 Systemic abuse at Lake Alice Ngā mahi tūkino ā-pūnaha ki Lake Alice. Whakatakinga - Introduction. 628. The concept of institutional or systemic abuse describes how violence and abuse is not only experienced by individuals but can be

2.3.5 Lack of safeguarding. Te kore i whakamaru. 663. The experiences of ‘care’ at Lake Alice constituted systemic abuse. The system failures and factors that contributed to the unit functioning in this way included the abuse of power relations

2.4.2 Ombudsman investigation and commission of inquiry Te tūhuratanga a Te Tari Tiaki Mana Tangata me te kōmihana whakatewhatewha. 719. Two main inquiries in the late 1970s contributed to the closure of the Lake Alice child and adolescent unit -

2.4.3 District inspector inquiry, 1977 Te whakatewhatewhatanga a te kaitirotiro ā-takiwā, 1977. 739. In the wake of publicity about Mr Halo’s case, two separate families of tamariki who had been at Lake Alice contacted Dr Oliver Sutherland of

2.4.4 First NZ Police investigation, 1977 Te tūhuratanga tuatahi a Ngā Pirihimana o Aotearoa, 1977. 748. Detective Senior Sergeant, Rob Butler, from the Whanganui criminal investigation branch was tasked with carrying out the first NZ Police

2.4.5 Investigations by medical professional bodies, 1977 Ngā tūhuratanga a ngā umanga rata ngaio, 1977. 775. A fourth investigation got under way in 1977 even as the NZ Police investigation was still in progress. It involved three professional